PAL
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is an analog television video format standard and color encoding system used in many parts of the world, predominantly in Europe, Australia, and some countries in Africa and Asia. PAL refers to both the video format and the color encoding system employed in analog PAL broadcasts, and stands as an alternative to the NTSC system used in North America and Japan.
The PAL video format features a resolution of 625 horizontal lines and an aspect ratio of 4:3. It operates at a frame rate of 25 frames per second, providing a smooth and consistent playback experience. Unlike the interlaced scanning of NTSC, PAL utilizes a progressive scanning method, where each frame is displayed sequentially from top to bottom, resulting in a more stable and flicker-free image.
In terms of color encoding, PAL employs the YUV color space, similar to NTSC. The luminance component (Y) carries the brightness information, while the color difference components (U and V) carry the chrominance information. PAL uses a phase alternation technique to ensure accurate color reproduction, minimizing color artifacts and providing vivid and lifelike color representation.